Players fouls cards ratio Scottish Premier League 12/13

Scottish Premier League 12/13 Players fouls cards ratio
Players		Fouls Committed	Fouled
David Raven	Inverness Cali	-	-	2	-	1
Brian McLean	Dundee United	-	-	1	-	1
Johnny Russell	Dundee United	-	-	2	-	1
Stephen O'Donnell	Dundee	-	-	1	-	1
Gary Naysmith	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Ryan Esson	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Ryan Stevenson	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	1
Keith Lasley	Motherwell	-	-	1	-	1
John Rankin	Dundee United	-	-	3	-	1
Richie Foran	Inverness Cali	-	-	1	-	1
Owain Tudur Jones	Inverness Cali	-	-	2	-	1
Fraser Kerr	Motherwell	-	-	1	-	1
Rory Fallon	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	1
Andy Webster	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	3	-	1
Matt Lockwood	Dundee	-	-	1	-	1
Barry Douglas	Dundee United	-	-	1	-	1
Gary Irvine	Dundee	-	-	3	-	1
Victor Wanyama	Celtic	-	-	4	-	1
Adam Cummins	Motherwell	-	-	2	-	1
Mark Ridgers	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Colin Nish	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
James Fowler	Kilmarnock	-	-	3	-	-
David McCracken	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Garry Hay	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Paul Gallacher	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Ryan Dow	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Cameron Kerr	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Steven Thompson	St Mirren	-	-	2	-	-
Callum Davidson	St Johnstone	-	-	1	-	-
Lee Ashcroft	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Steve Banks	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Denys Prychynenko	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Darnell Fisher	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Dylan McGeouch	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Greg Kiltie	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Dale Carrick	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Manuel Pascali	Kilmarnock	-	-	3	-	-
Billy McKay	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Lassad Nouioui	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Marcus Tornstrand	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Jon Daly	Dundee United	-	-	1	-	-
Chris Tobin	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Gregory Vignal	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Gary Harkins	Kilmarnock	-	-	2	-	-
Callum Paterson	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	1	-	-
Steven Milne	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Declan Gallagher	Dundee	-	-	3	-	-
Stuart Kettlewell	Ross County	-	-	1	-	-
Michael Doughty	St Johnstone	-	-	1	-	-
Zaine Francis-Angol	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Jordon Forster	Hibernian	-	-	1	-	-
Alex Harris	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Mohamed Bangura	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Alex Cooper	Ross County	-	-	2	-	-
Eoin Doyle	Hibernian	-	-	1	-	-
John McGinn	St Mirren	-	-	1	-	-
Radoslaw Cierzniak	Dundee United	-	-	1	-	-
Willie Robertson	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Mohammed Yaqub	St Mirren	-	-	-	-	-
Stephen Hughes	Aberdeen	-	-	3	-	-
Mark Brown	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Shefki Kuqi	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Peter Pawlett	Aberdeen	-	-	4	-	-
Sam Parkin	St Mirren	-	-	2	-	-
Robert McHugh	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Graham Webster	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Brian Easton	Dundee	-	-	2	-	-
Lewis Kidd	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Ryan McGivern	Hibernian	-	-	4	-	-
Jason Brown	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Steven Saunders	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Michael Nelson	Kilmarnock	-	-	2	-	-
Gavin Morrison	Inverness Cali	-	-	1	-	-
Steven Anderson	St Johnstone	-	-	1	-	-
Murray Davidson	St Johnstone	-	-	2	-	-
Jamie Langfield	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Davide Grassi	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Chris Hogg	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Kevin Moon	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Joe Malin	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Lee Hollis	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Neil McGregor	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Russell Anderson	Aberdeen	-	-	1	-	-
Rudi Skacel	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Alan Maybury	Hibernian	-	-	4	-	-
Luke Johnston	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Lewis Toshney	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Kris Boyd	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Daniel Devine	Inverness Cali	-	-	3	-	-
Stephen O'Neill	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Josh Meekings	Inverness Cali	-	-	3	-	-
Rowan Vine	St Johnstone	-	-	3	1	-
Steve Simonsen	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Craig Moore	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Gareth Rodger	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Paul Heffernan	Kilmarnock	-	-	2	-	-
Scott Gray	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Antonio Reguero	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Keiran Stewart	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Declan McManus	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Daniel Rogers	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Adam Porritt	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Christopher Kane	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
John Baird	Dundee	-	-	1	-	-
Anton Brady	St Mirren	-	-	-	-	-
Andre Martins	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Gavin Rae	Aberdeen	-	-	1	-	-
Steffan Wohlfarth	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Scott Boyd	Ross County	-	-	6	-	-
Callum Tapping	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Mihael Kovacevic	Ross County	-	-	2	-	-
Gary Teale	St Mirren	-	-	-	-	-
Nicolas Fedor	Celtic	-	-	1	-	-
Patrick McCourt	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Viktor Noring	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Sean McCarthy	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Scott Robinson	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	2	-	-
Kevin Buchan	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
George Brislen-Hall	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Calum Antell	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Craig Samson	St Mirren	-	-	-	-	-
Steven Ross	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Billy King	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Evangelos Ikonomou	Ross County	-	-	2	-	-
Rory McKeown	Kilmarnock	-	-	1	-	-
Lee Erwin	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Shaun Hutchinson	Motherwell	-	-	5	1	-
Marcus Maddison	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
James McFadden	Motherwell	-	-	1	-	-
Phillip Anderson	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Gavin Gunning	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Jamie Walker	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	2	-	-
Danny Wilson	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Craig Murray	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Andre Hainault	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Alex Baird	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Ross Draper	Inverness Cali	-	-	5	-	-
Chris Millar	St Johnstone	-	-	3	1	-
Emilo Izaguirre	Celtic	-	-	1	-	-
Jamie Reid	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Adam King	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Gordon Smith	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
David Morgan	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Graham Carey	St Mirren	-	-	3	-	-
Philip Roberts	Inverness Cali	-	-	1	-	-
Kenny McLean	St Mirren	-	-	1	-	1
Steven Hammell	Motherwell	-	-	3	-	-
Joe Shaughnessy	Aberdeen	-	-	2	-	-
Jordan Gibbons	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Kieran Hughes	St Mirren	-	-	-	-	-
Jim Goodwin	St Mirren	-	-	5	2	-
Darren McGregor	St Mirren	-	-	-	-	-
Fraser Mullen	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Graeme Shinnie	Inverness Cali	-	-	7	-	-
Tom Rogic	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Nigel Hasselbaink	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Mark Taylor	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Stewart Carswell	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Bahrudin Atajic	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Andrew Steeves	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Conor Pepper	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
William Gros	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Kris Commons	Celtic	-	-	1	-	-
Liam Polworth	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
James Thomson	Dundee	-	-	1	-	-
Gary Fisher	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Ben Williams	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Scott Smith	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Calum Ferguson	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Jason Holt	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Gary Mackay-Steven	Dundee United	-	-	1	-	-
Jon Robertson	St Mirren	-	-	-	-	-
Paul Cairney	Hibernian	-	-	2	-	-
John Sutton	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	2	-	-
Martin Laing	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Scott Vernon	Aberdeen	-	-	2	-	-
Kevin McHattie	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	4	-	-
Richie Ryan	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Don Cowan	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Archie MacPhee	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Callum McGregor	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Andrew Barrowman	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Marcus Fraser	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Willo Flood	Dundee United	-	-	5	-	-
Brad McKay	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	1	-	-
Daryl Murphy	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Chris Johnston	Kilmarnock	-	-	1	-	-
Georgios Samaras	Celtic	-	-	2	-	-
Craig Thomson	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Darren Randolph	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Craig Beattie	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Tony Watt	Celtic	-	-	1	-	-
Nicky Law	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Sean Kelly	St Mirren	-	-	-	-	-
Anthony Stokes	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Gary Miller	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Charlie Mulgrew	Celtic	-	-	3	-	-
Kyle Whyte	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Peter Enckelman	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Dean Horribine	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Alan Mannus	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Dan Twardzik	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Kelvin Wilson	Celtic	-	-	3	-	-
Josh Magennis	Aberdeen	-	-	3	-	-
Steven MacLean	St Johnstone	-	-	4	-	-
Biram Kayal	Celtic	-	-	4	-	-
Joe Ledley	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Marc McAusland	St Mirren	-	-	6	-	-
Paul Hanlon	Hibernian	-	-	2	-	-
Efe Ambrose	Celtic	-	-	2	-	-
Gary Hooper	Celtic	-	-	1	-	-
Robert Milsom	Aberdeen	-	-	2	-	-
Isaac Osbourne	Aberdeen	-	-	2	-	-
Euan Spark	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Andrew Shinnie	Inverness Cali	-	-	3	-	-
Dougie Imrie	St Mirren	-	-	-	-	-
Kevin Thomson	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Ryan Jack	Aberdeen	-	-	2	-	-
Scott Brown	Celtic	-	-	2	-	-
Mikael Lustig	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Ryan Conroy	Dundee	-	-	1	-	-
Thomas Rogne	Celtic	-	-	1	-	-
Michael Gardyne	Dundee United	-	-	1	-	-
Robbie Muirhead	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Paul Lawson	Ross County	-	-	3	-	-
Anssi Jaakkola	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Mark O'Hara	Kilmarnock	-	-	2	-	-
Paul Slane	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Rocco Quinn	Ross County	-	-	5	-	-
Sander Puri	St Mirren	-	-	-	-	-
Nicholas Riley	Dundee	-	-	2	-	-
Pa Saikou Kujabi	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Cillian Sheridan	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Kyle Benedictus	Dundee	-	-	4	-	-
Danny Grainger	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	1	-	-
Sean Murdoch	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Colin McMenamin	Ross County	-	-	4	-	-
Iain Davidson	Dundee	-	-	6	-	-
Russell Duncan	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
David van Zanten	St Mirren	-	-	3	-	-
Michael Fraser	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Scott Robertson	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Grant Munro	Ross County	-	-	2	-	-
Tom Taiwo	Hibernian	-	-	2	-	-
David Templeton	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Jonathan Page	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Jonathan Tuffey	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Jack Smith	St Mirren	-	-	-	-	-
Ross Tokely	Ross County	-	-	1	-	-
Gary Warren	Inverness Cali	-	-	4	-	-
Andrew Driver	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	2	-	-
Niall McGinn	Aberdeen	-	-	2	-	-
Gary Glen	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Mark Millar	Dundee United	-	-	3	-	-
Jamie MacDonald	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Aaron Doran	Inverness Cali	-	-	1	-	-
Marius Zaliukas	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	4	-	-
James McPake	Hibernian	-	-	3	1	-
Andrew Considine	Aberdeen	-	-	2	-	-
Liam Kelly	Kilmarnock	-	-	3	-	-
Michael Paton	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Adam Matthews	Celtic	-	-	1	-	-
Lee Mair	St Mirren	-	-	1	-	-
Arvydas Novikovas	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	1	-	-
Darren Barr	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	5	-	-
Darren Petrie	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Liam Craig	St Johnstone	-	-	4	-	-
Dave Mackay	St Johnstone	-	-	2	-	-
Patrick Cregg	St Johnstone	-	-	6	-	-
Jonathan Bateson	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Michael Higdon	Motherwell	-	-	1	-	-
David Wotherspoon	Hibernian	-	-	3	-	-
Mark Stewart	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Tom Hateley	Motherwell	-	-	2	-	-
Thomas Scobbie	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Mitchel Megginson	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Lewis Stevenson	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
David Stephens	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
David Barron	St Mirren	-	-	1	-	-
Stevie May	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Richard Brittain	Ross County	-	-	3	-	-
James Forrest	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Rami Gershon	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Dale Hilson	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Mark Corcoran	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Gary Deegan	Hibernian	-	-	6	-	-
Jamie McCluskey	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Chris Clark	Aberdeen	-	-	2	-	-
Ross Davidson	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Clark Robertson	Aberdeen	-	-	3	-	-
Michael Ngoo	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	2	-	-
Chris Smith	St Mirren	-	-	-	-	-
Nicky Low	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Robert Thomson	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Dylan McGowan	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	2	-	-
Lukasz Zaluska	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Bradley Donaldson	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Sean Dillon	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Ryan Christie	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Mark Kerr	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
James Dayton	Kilmarnock	-	-	2	-	-
David Robertson	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Jim McAlister	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Keith Watson	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Nick Ross	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Milos Lacny	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Liam Caddis	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Marc Fitzpatrick	Ross County	-	-	1	-	-
Filip Twardzik	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Jamie Murphy	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Sam Morrow	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Christopher Moffat	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Richard McIntosh	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Stuart Armstrong	Dundee United	-	-	2	1	-
Ryan Fraser	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Mark Reynolds	Aberdeen	-	-	2	1	-
Grant Adam	St Mirren	-	-	-	-	-
Jamie Adams	St Johnstone	-	-	1	-	-
James Keatings	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Cameron Bell	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Matthew Kennedy	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Frazer Wright	St Johnstone	-	-	3	-	-
Callum Booth	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Jamie Hamill	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	2	-	-
Martin Scott	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Ryan O'Leary	Kilmarnock	-	-	1	-	-
Rory McKenzie	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Craig Slater	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Esmael Goncalves	St Mirren	-	-	1	-	-
Kevin McBride	Dundee	-	-	2	-	-
Leigh Griffiths	Hibernian	-	-	2	-	-
Ivan Sproule	Hibernian	-	-	1	-	-
Alex Pursehouse	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Fraser Forster	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Jamie Masson	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Jordan McGhee	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Danny Handling	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Kyle Letheren	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Colin Hamilton	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Conor Newton	St Mirren	-	-	2	-	-
David Smith	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Simon King	Inverness Cali	-	-	2	-	-
Gregory Tade	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Borja Perez	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Michael Rose	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Mark Fotheringham	Ross County	-	-	2	-	-
Sean Higgins	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Carl Finnigan	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Jeroen Tesselaar	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Charlie Taylor	Inverness Cali	-	-	1	-	-
Ross Caldwell	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Danny Racchi	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Tom Reilly	St Mirren	-	-	-	-	-
Lewis Guy	St Mirren	-	-	2	-	-
Mehdi Abeid	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Jonathan Hayes	Aberdeen	-	-	1	-	-
Matthew Cooper	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Ryan McGowan	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	2	-	-
Paul Dummett	St Mirren	-	-	2	-	-
Lee Johnson	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Jack Hamilton	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Simon Ramsden	Motherwell	-	-	2	-	-
Patrick Barratt	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Omar Daley	Motherwell	-	-	1	-	-
Joseph Chalmers	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Chris Humphrey	Motherwell	-	-	1	-	-
Andre Blackman	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Matt Done	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Ross Barbour	Kilmarnock	-	-	2	-	-
Tim Clancy	Hibernian	-	-	2	-	-
Sam Stanton	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Rory Boulding	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Henrik Ojamaa	Motherwell	-	-	2	1	-
Sammy Clingan	Kilmarnock	-	-	-	-	-
Rabiu Ibrahim	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Tony Dingwall	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Jorge Claros	Hibernian	-	-	1	-	-
Euan Murray	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Jason Oswell	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Iain Vigurs	Ross County	-	-	5	-	-
Kallum Higginbotham	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Scott Mathieson	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Sean O'Hanlon	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Cameron Smith	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Shane Sutherland	Inverness Cali	-	-	-	-	-
Paul Grant	Hibernian	-	-	-	-	-
Rab Douglas	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Jude Winchester	Kilmarnock	-	-	1	-	-
Jordon Brown	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-
Ryan Gauld	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Paul McGowan	St Mirren	-	-	-	-	-
Gwion Edwards	St Johnstone	-	-	-	-	-
Sam Nicholson	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	-	-	-
Steven Hetherington	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Adam Ashgar	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Martin Boyle	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Leighton McIntosh	Dundee	-	-	-	-	-
Jackson Irvine	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
John Souttar	Dundee United	-	-	-	-	-
Ross Stewart	Motherwell	-	-	-	-	-
Mahamadou Sissoko	Kilmarnock	-	-	3	-	-
John Herron	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Branislav Micic	Ross County	-	-	-	-	-
Robbie Thomson	Celtic	-	-	-	-	-
Mehdi Taouil	Heart of Midlothian	-	-	4	-	-
Craig Storie	Aberdeen	-	-	-	-	-

Club Statistics for Scottish Premier League 12/13

Scottish Premier League 12/13 Players fouls cards ratio